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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Ball-and-pillow structures ： ウィキペディア英語版 Ball-and-pillow structures Ball-and-pillow structures are masses of clastic sediment that take the form of isolated pillows or protruding ball structures. These soft-sediment deformations are usually found at the base of sandstone beds that are interbedded with mudstone.〔Ailsa Allaby and Michael Allaby. "ball and pillow structure." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Nov. 2010〕 It is also possible to find ball-and-pillows in limestone beds that overlie shale, but it's less common.〔Boggs, S., 2006, Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy (4th ed.), Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, p.94-97〕 They are normally hemispherical or kidney shaped, and range in size from a few inches to several feet. ==Development and preservation== Ball-and-pillow deformations are a result of a physical shock that has been applied to unconsolidated sediment. This shock causes rupturing to occur in the sedimentary rock layer, which induces instability. Individual lobes caused by this unstable state break off and move downward, settling into the underlying layers. There may also be a repeated lobe detachment, causing a greater downward movement into the sediments below.〔P. Van Rensbergen, R. R. Hillis, A. J. Maltman, and C. K. Morley. Subsurface Sediment Mobilization. London: Geological Society, 2003. Print.〕 The "pillows" that have now been produced typically retain their original bedding compositions. Both Kuenen (1958) and Owen (1996) have duplicated ball-and-pillow structures in the laboratory, which was done by applying a shock to multilayered strata. These experiments further conclude that earthquakes, erupting volcanoes, or meteoric impacts can create these formations. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ball-and-pillow structures」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.